Home pregnancy tests detect levels of the pregnancy hormone in the urine. According to the American Pregnancy Association, the pregnancy hormone, HCG, can be detected in the urine as early as twelve to fourteen days after the egg is fertilized. Home pregnancy tests differ in sensitivity and the ability to detect the pregnancy hormone, which generally doubles every 2 to 3 days in early pregnancy.
Types
Home pregnancy tests differ in the way HCG is detected in the urine. The first requires the woman to place the absorbent tip of the test directly in the urine stream for a matter of seconds. The exact amount of time will be detailed in the instructions included with the test. Many of these tests also allow the woman to collect the urine in a clean container and dip the absorbent end of the test into the container for the specified amount of time. The test should then be placed on a flat surface and not moved for the duration of the test period. Results are displayed from sixty seconds to 10 minutes later depending on the brand of the test. Do not read the results before the elapsed time or wait for an extended time after the results are displayed.
The second type of test requires collection of urine in a container or dropper. The urine is then added to a powder of liquid solution. If the solution changes colors, this indicates a positive pregnancy test.
Timing
Many tests claim you can test as soon as 3 to 5 days before your missed period. For the most accurate results, the American Pregnancy Association recommends waiting until the first day of your missed period or later. The longer you wait after conception, the longer the HCG hormone has time to multiply, thereby increasing the possibility of an accurate result. It is best to use first morning urine as the HCG is generally more concentrated at that time.
Accuracy
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, many home pregnancy tests are not as accurate as claimed. Many tests on the market claim a 99% accuracy rate as soon as the first day of a missed period. Spot testing has shown this claim not to be true. Improper usage, early testing and expired tests can all lead to an inaccurate result.
False Results
A negative result does not mean you are not pregnant. If the test was not performed accurately or if you tested too early, a false negative can result. If menstruation has not started one week later, test again or call your doctor. According to the American Pregnancy Association, false positives can happen but are very rare. A positive indicator typically indicates a pregnancy regardless of how faint the sign may be.
Home pregnancy tests can be a quick and easy way to find out if your family will soon be expanding. As soon as your test is positive, contact your doctor for your first prenatal appointment. Regular visits with your obstetrician during pregnancy can help to ensure a healthy mom and baby.
Resources:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
American Pregnancy Association
