Pregnant women have been identified as a high-risk group for contracting H1N1 this flu season. Similar to other strains of flu virus, H1N1 is spread from person to person through coughs and sneezes. It has already begun to circulate among school-age children and college students nation-wide and is expected to continue to do so throughout the flu season.
During the first month of the outbreak (April 15 - May 18, 2009), there were 34 reported cases of H1N1 among pregnant women in 13 states (Smith). Although they were immediately treated with anti-viral drugs, six of these women suffered H1N1-related deaths due to complications like pneumonia and respiratory arrest (Smith). Considered at a high level of risk, obstetricians are advised to initiate treatment immediately when symptoms present among pregnant women.
Pregnant Women's Extra Risk
During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes tremendous changes. The immune system is compromised as white blood cells are required to defend both mother and baby from antigens. With a weakened front, a pregnant woman's immune system is more easily attacked by viruses and antigens. Once present, it takes much longer to fight off even the simplest of illnesses, like the common cold.
Further, the shifting of internal organs to make room for the growing uterus can lead to further complications. The lungs are constricted, reducing the capacity for oxygen and increasing the risk of fluid build up. The biggest concern for pregnant women diagnosed with H1N1 is their respiratory health.
Immunization, both for the regular flu and H1N1, is strongly encouraged for women pregnant during flu season (Smith). Vaccination will also pass to the fetus and protect it for the first six months outside the womb, so the shot serves a dual purpose.
Symptoms of H1N1
Identifying the symptoms of H1N1 is the first step toward treatment and a healthy recovery. Doctors will administer anti-viral medications like Tamiflu, which have been proven to be safe for use during pregnancy.
Pregnant women experiencing any of the following symptoms should consult their physician without delay (CDC):
- fever*
- cough
- sore throat
- runny or stuffy nose
- body aches
- headaches
- chills
- fatigues
- sometimes, diarrhea and vomiting
*The CDC also notes that not all persons with H1N1 or the flu will have a fever, so it's best to be cautious if you are at high risk.
Preventing H1N1
Of course, if contraction of the virus can be prevented, that is a much favorable alternative. Protecting mother and baby from H1N1 should be a top priority, beginning with the vaccine and continuing with the following steps:
- Wash hands often with soap and warm water. An alcohol-based hand rub or sanitizer can be substituted occasionally if soap and water are not available.
- Avoid touching eyes, nose or mouth to prevent the spread of germs.
- Avoid close contact with those exhibiting symptoms.
- Stock up on household, health and emergency supplies to treat symptoms quickly.
References:
Anonymous (2009, October). "What Should Pregnant Women Know About 2009 H1N1 Flu (Swine
Flu)?" Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved October 27, 2009 from
Smith, M. (2009, July) "Pregnancy Increases Risk of Severe H1N1 Disease." Medpage Today. Retrieved
October 27, 2009 from http://www.medpagetoday.com
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